श्रीमद्भागवतमहापुराणम् षष्ठ: स्कन्ध: अष्टादश: अध्याय: श्री शुक उवाच - Shree Shuka said - पृश्निस्तु पत्नी सवितु: सावित्रीं व्याहृतिं त्रयीम् ।
अग्निहोत्रं पशुं सोमं चातुर्मास्यं महामखान् ॥१॥
पृश्नि:-तु पत्नी सवितु: Prishnee, indeed, the wife of Savitaa
सावित्रीम् व्याहृतिम् त्रयीम् Saavitri, Vyaahriti, Trayee, अग्निहोत्रम् पशुम् सोमम् Agnihotra, Pashu, Soma, चातुर्मास्यम् महामखान् Chaaturmaasya Mahaamakhaas Prishnee, indeed, the wife of Savitaa, gave birth to eight children, Saavitri, Vyaahriti, Trayee, Agnihotra, Pashu, Soma, Chaaturmaasya and Mahaamakhaas.


सिद्धिर्भगस्य भार्याङ्ग महिमानं विभुं प्रभुम् ।
आशिषं च वरारोहां कन्यां प्रासूत सुव्रताम् ॥२॥
सिद्धि:-भगस्य भार्या-अङ्ग- Siddhi, Bhaga's wife, O Dear One!
महिमानम् विभुम् प्रभुम् Mahimaana, Vibhu, and Prabhu, आशिषम् च वरारोहाम् Aashish and beautiful कन्याम् प्रासूत सुव्रताम् daughter gave birth to, the virtuous Siddhi, Bhaga's wife, gave birth to three sons, Mahimaana, Vibhu, and Prabhu, and the beautiful virtuous daughter, Aashish.


धातु: कुहू: सिनीवाली राका चानुमतिस्तथा ।
सायं दर्शमथ प्रात: पूर्णमासमनुक्रमात् ॥३॥
धातु: कुहू: सिनीवाली Dhaatu, Kuhu, Sineevaalee,
राका च-अनुमति:-तथा Raakaa, and Anumati, also सायम् दर्शम्-अथ प्रात: Saayam, Darsham, then Praatah, पूर्णमासम्-अनुक्रमात् Poornamaas, respectively Also then, Dhaatu's wives, Kuhu, Sineevaalee, Raakaa and Anumati, respectively gave birth to Saayam, Darsham, Praatah and Poornamaasa.


अग्नीन् पुरीष्यानाधत्त क्रियायां समन्तर: ।
चर्षणी वरुणस्यासीद्यस्यां जातो भृगु: पुन: ॥४॥
अग्नीन् पुरीष्यान्-आधत्त the fires Purisyas begot
क्रियायाम् समन्तर: through Kriyaa, Vidhaataa चर्षणी वरुणस्य-आसीत्- Charshanee, of Varuna was (the wife) यस्याम् जात: भृगु: पुन: from whom was born Bhrigu again Vidhaata, through his wife Kriyaa, begot the five sacred fires, called the Purisyas. From Varuna's wife Chaarshanee, Bhrigu was born again.


वाल्मीकिश्च महायोगी वल्मीकादभवत्किल ।
अगस्त्यश्च वसिष्ठश्च मित्रावरुणयोर्ऋषी ॥५॥
वाल्मीकि:-च महायोगी and Vaalmeekee the great Yogi
वल्मीकात्-अभवत्-किल from ant hill sprang indeed अगस्त्य:-च वसिष्ठ:-च and Agastya and Vashishtha मित्रा-वरुणयो:-ऋषी from Mitra and Varuna sages The great Yogi Vaalmiki, sprang up from an ant hill, and Agastya and Vashishta, from the sages Mitra and Varuna.


रेत: सिषिचतु: कुम्भे उर्वश्या: सन्निधौ द्रुतम् ।
रेवत्यां मित्र उत्सर्गमरिष्टं पिप्पलं व्यधात् ॥६॥
रेत: सिषिचतु: कुम्भे vital fluid discharged in a pot
उर्वश्या: सन्निधौ द्रुतम् in Urvashi's presence soon रेवत्यम् मित्र उत्सर्गम्- through Revati, Mitra अरिष्टम् पिप्पलम् व्यधात् Utsarga, Arishta, Pippala begot Varuna soon, in a pot discharged the vital fluid, which escaped in the presence of Urvashi. The god Mitra from his wife Revati begot Utsarga, Arishta and Pippala.


पौलोम्यामिन्द्र आधत्त त्रीन् पुत्रानिति न: श्रुतम् ।
जयन्तमृषभं तात तृतीयं मीढुषं प्रभु: ॥७॥
पौलोम्याम्-इन्द्र आधत्त from Puloma's daughter Shachi, Indra procreated
त्रीन् पुत्रान्-इति न: श्रुतम् three sons, this we have heard जयन्तम्-ऋषभम् तात Jayanta, Rishabha, O Pareekshit! तृतीयम् मीढुषम् प्रभु: third Meedhawaan, the lord O Pareekshit we have heard that from his wife Shachi, the daughter of Pulomaa, the lord Indra procreated three sons, namely, Jayanta, Rishabha, and the third Meedhawaana.


उरुक्रमस्य देवस्य मायावामनरूपिण: ।
कीर्तौ पत्न्यां बृहच्छ्लोकस्तस्यासन् सौभगादय: ॥८॥
उरुक्रमस्य देवस्य of the Upendra Lord
माया-वामन-रूपिण: by Maaya Dwarf form taking कीर्तौ पत्न्याम् बृहत्-श्लोक:- from Keerti the wife, Brihat-Shloka (was born) तस्य-आसन् सौभगादय: his were Saubhaga and others To The Lord Upendra, who took the form of a Dwarf, by His own Maayaa, from His wife Keerti, Brihat-shloka was born, whose children were Saubhaga and others.


तत्कर्मगुणवीर्याणि काश्यपस्य महात्मन: ।
पश्चाद्वक्ष्यामहेऽदित्यां यथा वावततार ह ॥९॥
तत्-कर्म गुण-वीर्याणि His (Vaamana's) deeds virtues and achievements
काश्यपस्य महात्मन: of the son of Kashyapa, the high souled पश्चात्-वक्ष्यामहे- later on will recount आदित्याम् यथा वा-अवततार ह in Aditi how or descended indeed His, the son of Kashyapa, Vaamana's marvellous deeds, excellent virtues and distinguished achievements, we will recount later on, and also how He descended on the material plane through Aditi.


अथ कश्यपदायादान् दैतेयान् कीर्तयामि ते ।
यत्र भागवत: श्रीमान् प्रह्लादो बलिरेव च ॥१०॥
अथ कश्यप-दायादान् now Kashyapa's scions
दैतेयान् कीर्तयामि ते born of Diti, will describe to you यत्र भागवत: श्रीमान् where the devotee illustrious प्रह्लाद: बलि:-एव च Prahlaada Bali also and Now, I will describe to you the scions of Kashyapa, born of Aditi, the illustrious devotee, Prahlaada, and also Bali.


दितेर्द्वावेव दायादौ दैत्यदानववन्दितौ ।
हिरण्यकशिपुर्नाम हिरण्याक्षश्च कीर्तितौ ॥११॥
दिते:-द्वौ-एव दायादौ of Diti two only sons
दैत्य-दानव-वन्दितौ by Daitya's and Daanavas, adored हिरण्यकशिपु:-नाम Hiranyakashipu, named हिरण्याक्ष:-च कीर्तितौ Hiranyaaksha and celebrated Diti had two sons only who were celebrated by the names of Hiranyakashipu and Hiranyaaksha, and were adore by the Daityas and Daanavas alike.


हिरण्यकशिपोर्भार्या कयाधुर्नाम दानवी ।
जम्भस्य तनया दत्ता सुषुवे चतुर: सुतान् ॥१२॥
हिरण्यकशिपो:-भार्या Hiranyakashipu wife
कयाधु:-नाम दानवी Kayaadhu named Danu, जम्भस्य तनया दत्ता and Jambha, the daughter was given सुषुवे चतुर: सुतान् gave birth to four sons Hiranyakashipu's wife, Kayaadhu, the daughter of Danu and Jambha, given to him, gave birth to four sons.


संह्रादं प्रागनुह्रादं ह्रादं प्रह्लादमेव च ।
तत्स्वसा सिंहिका नाम राहुं विप्रचितोऽग्रहीत् ॥१३॥
संह्रादम् प्राक्-अनुह्रादम् Samhraada, before Anuhraada,
ह्रादम् प्रह्लादम्-एव च Hraada, Prahlaada also and तत्-स्वसा सिंहिका नाम their sister Sinhikaa by name राहुम् विप्रचित:-अग्रहीत् Raahu from Viprachita took First was Samhraada, then, Anuhraada, Hraada, and also Prahlaada. Their sister got Raahu from her husband Viprachita.


शिरोऽहरद्यस्य हरिश्चक्रेण पिबतोऽमृतम् ।
संह्रादस्य कृतिभार्यासूत पञ्चजनं तत: ॥१४॥
शिर:-अहरत्-यस्य हरि:- head cut off whose, Shree Hari
चक्रेण पिबत:-अमृतम् with the discus, drinking nectar संह्रादस्य कृति-:भार्या- Samhrada's Kriti the wife असूत पञ्चजनम् तत: gave birth to Panchajana, then Whose head Shree Hari cut off with His discus, as he was drinking nectar. Then, Samhrada's wife Kriti gave birth to Panchajana.


ह्रादस्य धमनिर्भार्यासूत वातापिमिल्वलम् ।
योऽगस्त्याय त्वतिथये पेचे वातापिमिल्वल: ॥१५॥
ह्रादस्य धमनि:-भार्या- Hraada's Dhamani, wife,
असूत वातापिम्-इल्वलम: bore Vaataapee, Ilvala य:-अगस्त्याय तु-अतिथये who for Agastya, indeed for the guest, पेचे वातापिम्-इल्वल: cooked Vaataapee, Ilvala Hraada's wife Dhamani bore Vaataapee and Ilvala. That Ilvala cooked Vaataapee for the guest Agastya.


अनुह्रादस्य सूर्म्यायां बाष्कलो महिषस्तथा ।
विरोचनस्तु प्राह्लादिर्देव्यास्तस्याभवद्वलि: ॥१६॥
अनुह्रादस्य सूर्म्यायाम् of Anuhraada from Soormya
बाष्कल: महिष:-तथा Baashkala Mahisha and विरोचन:-तु प्राह्लादि:- Virochana indeed was Prahalaada's (son) देव्या:-तस्य-अभवत्-वलि: from his (wife) Devi, was (born) Bali Anuhraada's two sons, Baashkala and Mahisha, were born from his wife Soormya. Virochana was the son on Prahlaada. From his wife Devi, Virochana's son Bali was born.


बाणज्येष्ठं पुत्रशतमशनायां ततोऽभवत् ।
तस्यानुभाव: सुश्लोक्य: पश्चादेवाभिधास्यते ॥१७॥
बाण-ज्येष्ठम् पुत्र-शतम्- Bana's eldest son, hundred
अशनायाम् तत:-अभवत् from Ashanaayaa then were born तस्य-अनुभाव: सुश्लोक्य: his glory, worth singing of पश्चात्-एव-अभिधास्यते later only will be recounted Of the hundred sons of Bali, from Ashanaayaa, Baana was the eldest, His, Bali's glories worthy of being sung of, will be recounted later on only.


बाण आराध्य गिरिशं लेभे तद्गणमुख्यताम् ।
यत्पार्श्वे भगवानास्ते ह्यद्यापि पुरपालक: ॥१८॥
बाण आराध्य गिरिशम् लेभे Baana, by worshipping Lord Shiva, acquired
तत्-गण-मुख्यताम् His Gana's leadership यत्-पार्श्वे भगवान्-आस्ते in whose proximity, The Lord remains हि-अद्य-अपि पुर-पालक: indeed today also, as the city's guardian Baana worshipped Lord Shiva, and thereby achieved the leadership of His Ganas. Even today, The Lord remains in his proximity as the guardian of his city.


मरुतश्च दिते: पुत्राश्चत्वारिंशन्नवाधिका: ।
त आसन्नप्रजा: सर्वे नीता इन्द्रेण सात्मताम् ॥१९॥
मरुत:-च Maruta and
दिते: पुत्रा:- Diti's sons चत्वारिंशत्-नव-अधिका: forty, nine more ते आसन्-अप्रजा: सर्वे they were issueless all नीता: इन्द्रेण were taken by Indra सात्मताम् to his own state (of godhood) Diti had forty and seven more sons, called Maruts all of whom were issue-less. They were taken by Indra to his own state of godhood.


राजा-उवाच - The king (Pareekshit) said - कथं त आसुरं भावमपोह्यौत्पत्तिकं गुरो ।
इन्द्रेण प्रापिता: सात्म्यं किं तत्साधु कृतं हि तै: ॥२०॥
कथम् ते आसुरम् भावम्- how they demonic disposition
अपोह्य-औत्पत्तिकम् गुरो shedding, by birth (innate), O Guru! इन्द्रेण प्रापिता: सात्म्यम् by Indra were taken to his own state, किम् तत्-साधु कृतम् हि तै: what that good was done indeed by them O Guru! How did they shed their by birth innate demonic disposition, and what good did they do to prompt Indra to alleviate them to his own state?


इमे श्रद्दधते ब्रह्मन्नृषयो हि मया सह ।
परिज्ञानाय भगवंस्तन्नो व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥२१॥
इमे श्रद्दधते ब्रह्मन्- these are inclined, O Holy Braahmana!
ऋषय: हि मया सह sage indeed me with परिज्ञानाय भगवन्- to know, O Worshipful sage! तत्-न: व्याख्यातुम्-अर्हसि that to us explain are capable O Holy Braahmana! Along with me, these sages are inclined to know this, and O Worshipful sage! You are capable of explaining it.


सूत उवाच - Soota said - तद्विष्णुरातस्य स बादरायणिर्वचो निशम्यादृतमल्पमर्थवत् ।
सभाजयन् संनिभृतेन चेतसा जगाद सत्रायण सर्वदर्शन: ॥२२॥
तत्-विष्णुरातस्य स: बादरायणि: that of Pareekshit, he, Shuka,
वच: निशम्य-आदृतम्-अल्पम्-अर्थवत् words hearing, reverent, brief, and significant सभाजयन् संनिभृतेन चेतसा welcoming, with joyous mind जगाद सत्रायण सर्व-दर्शन: said, O Shaunaka! the all knower O Shaunaka! Shuka heard those reverent, brief and significant words of Pareekshit, and the all knower Shuka with a joyous heart welcomed them, and answered thus,..


श्री शुक उवाच - Shree Shuka said - हतपुत्रा दिति: शक्रपार्ष्णिग्राहेण विष्णुना ।
मन्युना शोकदीप्तेन ज्वलन्ती पर्यचिन्तयत् ॥२३॥
हत-पुत्रा: दिति: शक्र-पार्ष्णि- killed sons, Diti, by Indra's ally,
ग्राहेण विष्णुना मन्युना taking, Vishnu with anger, शोक-दीप्तेन ज्वलन्ती kindled by grief burning पर्यचिन्तयत् thought Diti, whose sons were killed by the side taking of Indra, Vishnu, was burning with rage by the kindled grief, and thought,..


कदा नु भ्रातृहन्तारमिन्द्रियाराममुल्बणम् ।
अक्लिन्नहृदयं पापं घातयित्वा शये सुखम् ॥२४॥
कदा नु भ्रातृ-हन्तारम्- when, indeed, the brother slayer
इन्द्रियारामम्-उल्बणम् indulging in sensuous pleasures, cruel अक्लिन्न-हृदयम् पापम् hard-hearted, sinful, घातयित्वा शये सुखम् having killed, will sleep peacefully Having killed the brothers' slayer, indulging in sensuous pleasures, cruel, hard-hearted, sinful Indra, indeed, when, will I sleep peacefully?


कृमिविङ्भस्मसंज्ञाऽऽसीद्यस्येशाभिहितस्य च ।
भूतध्रुक् तत्कृते स्वार्थं किं वेद निरयो यत: ॥२५॥
कृमि-विङ्-भस्म-संज्ञा-आसीत्- worms, excrement, ashes, named was
यस्य-ईश-अभिहितस्य च whose king designated and भूत-ध्रुक् तत्-कृते स्वार्थम् the other's enemy, for that own body किम् वेद निरय: यत: does he know hell by which A person, who hurts others, for the sake of his own body, which may have been designated as king, and is later (on death) is named as worms, excreta, or ashes, is he aware that from there he is heading to hell?


आशासानस्य तस्येदं ध्रुवमुन्नद्धचेतस: ।
मदशोषक इन्द्रस्य भूयाद्येन सुतो हि मे ॥२६॥
आशासानस्य तस्य-इदम् the desirous, his this
ध्रुवम्-उन्नद्ध-चेतस: certainly, high headed मद-शोषक इन्द्रस्य pride deflated Indra's भूयात्-येन सुत: हि मे may be by whom, son indeed my Therefore, certainly, I need to have a son by whom this high headed, desirous Indra's pride may be deflated.


इति भावेन सा भर्तुराचचारासकृत्प्रियम् ।
शुश्रुषयानुरागेण प्रश्रयेण दमेन च ॥२७॥
इति भावेन सा भर्तु:- with this feeling, she, husband's
आचचार-असकृत्-प्रियम् performed constantly for pleasure शुश्रुषया-अनुरागेण by service, affection, प्रश्रयेण-दमेन च humility and self-control With this feeling, she constantly did what pleased her husband, by service, affection, humility and self-control.


भक्त्या परमया राजन् मनोज्ञैर्वल्गुभाषितै: ।
मनो जग्राह भावज्ञा सुस्मितापाङ्गवीक्षणै: ॥२८॥
भक्त्या परमया राजन् by devotion intense, O King!
मनोज्ञै:-वल्गु-भाषितै: charming, sweet talks, मन: जग्राह भावज्ञा mind captivated (she) the knower of the heart सुस्मित-अपाङ्ग-वीक्षणै: by winsome smiles and sidelong glances O King! She, the knower of the heart of her husband, captivated his mind by intense devotion, charming sweet talks, winsome smiles and sidelong glances.


एवं स्त्रिया जडीभूतो विद्वानपि विदग्धया ।
बाढमित्याह विवशो न तच्चित्रं हि योषिति ॥२९॥
एवम् स्त्रिया जडीभूत: like this, by the woman infatuated
विद्वान्-अपि विदग्धया learned though, by the clever बाढम्-इति-आह विवश: 'All right', this said, powerless न तत्-चित्रम् हि योषिति not that is surprising indeed in women Like this, the sage, Kashyapa, though learned, was powerless and infatuated by the clever lady, and said, 'All right'. This conduct in women is not surprising.


विलोक्यैकान्तभूतानि भूतान्यादौ प्रजापति: ।
स्त्रियं चक्रे स्वदेहार्धं यया पुंसां मतिहृता ॥३०॥
विलोक्य-एकान्त-भूतानि observing solitude inclined
भूतानि-आदौ प्रजापति: people, in the beginning, Brahmaa स्त्रियम् चक्रे स्व-देह-अर्धम् woman created from his own body half यया पुंसाम् मति:-हृता by which, men, mind lost At the beginning of creation, Brahmaa observed that men were solitude inclined. So, from his own body half, he created the women, by which the men lost their minds.


एवं शुश्रूषितस्तात भगवान् कश्यप: स्त्रिया ।
प्रहस्य परमप्रीतो दितिमाहाभिनन्द्य च ॥३१॥
एवम् शुश्रूषित:-तात thus well waited upon, O Son!
भगवान् कश्यप: स्त्रिया lord Kashyapa by the lady प्रहस्य परम-प्रीत: laughingly, and very pleased दितिम्-आह-अभिनन्द्य च to Diti said, welcoming and O Son! Thus, well waited upon, by the lady, lord Kashyapa was very pleased and welcoming Diti, laughingly said to her…


कश्यप उवाच - Kashyapa said - वरं वरय वामोरु प्रीतस्तेऽहमनिन्दिते ।
स्त्रिया भर्तरि सुप्रीते क: काम इह चागम: ॥३२॥
वरम् वरय वामोरु boon ask for, O Beautiful One!
प्रीत:-ते-अहम्-अनिन्दिते pleased with you I am, O flawless One! स्त्रिया भर्तरि सुप्रीते by a lady, a husband well pleased क: काम: इह च-अगम: what desired here and is unattainable O Beautiful One! Ask for a boon. O flawless One! When a husband is well pleased with his wife, what desired thing is unattainable here?


पतिरेव हि नारीणां दैवतं परमं स्मृतम् ।
मानस: सर्वभूतानां वासुदेव: श्रिय: पति: ॥३३॥
पति:-एव हि नारीणाम् husband alone indeed, of the women
दैवतम् परमम् स्मृतम् deity supreme is declared मानस: सर्व-भूतानाम् in the minds of all beings वासुदेव: श्रिय: पति: is Vaasudeva of Shree the Consort It is declared that the husband alone indeed is the supreme deity of the women. In the minds of all beings, Vaasudeva, the Consort of Shree only dwells.


स एव देवतालिङ्गैर्नामरूपविकल्पितै: ।
इज्यते भगवान् पुम्भि: स्त्रीभिश्च पतिरूपधृक् ॥३४॥
स: एव देवता-लिङ्गै:- He alone, in deities diverse
नाम-रूप-विकल्पितै: name and forms imagined इज्यते भगवान् पुम्भि: is worshipped The Lord, by men स्त्रीभि:-च पति-रूप-धृक् and women in husband form taken He alone is worshipped by men as deities, in diverse names and forms imagined, and by the women in the form of a husband.


तस्मात्पतिव्रता नार्य: श्रेयस्कामा: सुमध्यमे ।
यजन्तेऽनन्यभावेन पतिमात्मानमीश्वरम् ॥३५॥
तस्मात्-पतिव्रता नार्य: therefore, to husbands devoted women
श्रेय:-कामा: सुमध्यमे blessedness desiring, O Slender waisted! यजन्ते-अनन्य-भावेन worship with undivided loyalty पतिम्-आत्मानम्-ईश्वरम् the husband as self and God Therefore, O slender waisted one! The women desiring blessedness, worship their husbands with undivided loyalty as the self and as God.


सोऽहं त्वयार्चितो भद्रे ईदृग्भावेन भक्तित: ।
तत्ते सम्पादये काममसतीनां सुदुर्लभम् ॥३६॥
स:-अहम् त्वया-अर्चित: भद्रे that I, by you am worshipped, O Fair One!
ईदृक्-भावेन भक्तित: in this manner with devotion तत्-ते सम्पादये कामम्- that, your will accomplish desire असतीनाम् सुदुर्लभम् for unchaste difficult to achieve O Fair One! That I was worshipped by you with devotion in this manner, I will accomplish your desire, which is difficult to be attained by unchaste women.


दिति:-उवाच - Diti said - वरदो यदि मे ब्रह्मन् पुत्रमिन्द्रहणं वृणे ।
अमृत्युं मृतपुत्राहं येन मे घातितौ सुतौ ॥३७॥
वरद: यदि मे ब्रह्मन् boon to confer, if to me, O Holy One!
पुत्रम्-इन्द्र-हणम् वृणे son, Indra to slay, I ask for अमृत्युम् मृत-पुत्र-अहम् deathless, of dead sons, I, येन मे घातितौ सुतौ by whom my were slain two sons O Holy One! If you will confer a boon to me, I, mother of dead sons, ask for a deathless son, to slay the deathless Indra, by whom my two sons (Hiranyaaksha and Hiranyakashipu) were slain.


निशम्य तद्वचो विप्रो विमना: पर्यतप्यत ।
अहो अधर्म: सुमहानद्य मे समुपस्थित: ॥३८॥
निशम्य तत्-वच: विप्र: hearing those words, the Braahmana (Kashyapa)
विमना: पर्यतप्यत was desolate and repented अहो अधर्म: सुमहान्-अद्य Alas! A sin great today मे समुपस्थित: on me has overtaken On hearing her words, the Braahmana, sage Kashyapa, was desolate and repented, saying, 'Alas! A very great sin has overtaken me today'.


अहो अद्येन्द्रियारामो योषिन्मय्येह मायया ।
गृहीतचेता: कृपण: पतिष्ये नरके ध्रुवम् ॥३९॥
अहो अद्य-इन्द्रियाराम: 'Alas! today, by the senses gratified
योषित्-मय्या-इह मायया in woman form, here by Maayaa गृहीत-चेता: कृपण: mind caught, wretched (I) पतिष्ये नरके ध्रुवम् will fall in hell certainly' 'Alas! Gratified by the senses, today, by Maayaa in the form of this woman here, my mind is caught, wretched as I am, I will certainly fall in hell.'


कोऽतिक्रमोऽनुवर्तन्त्या: स्वभावमिह योषित: ।
धिङ् मां बताबुधं स्वार्थे यदहं त्वजितेन्द्रिय: ॥४०॥
क:-अतिक्रम:-अनुवर्तन्त्या: what wrong, following
स्वभावम्-इह योषित: (her) own nature, here, of the woman धिङ् माम् बत-अबुधम् fie on me, surely, ignorant स्वार्थे यत्-अहम् in own interest that I तु-अजित-इन्द्रिय: indeed not conquered my mind Here, in this case, how is the woman at fault, who has only followed her nature? Fie on me, ignorant that I was in my self-interest, indeed, and had not conquered my mind.


शरत्पद्मोत्सवं वक्त्रं वचश्च श्रवणामृतम् ।
हृदयं क्षुरधाराभं स्त्रीणां को वेद चेष्टितम् ॥४१॥
शरत्-पद्म-उत्सवम् वक्त्रम् autumnal lotus blooming face
वच:-च श्रवण-अमृतम् speech and to the ears nectar हृदयम् क्षुर-धार-आभम् heart sword blade like स्त्रीणाम् क: वेद चेष्टितम् of the women, who knows their ways The face of the women is like a blooming lotus, their speech is nectar to the ears, and their heart is like the blade of a sword. Who knows their ways?


न हि कश्चित्प्रिय: स्त्रीणामञ्जसा स्वाशिषात्मनाम् ।
पतिं पुत्रं भ्रातरं वा घ्नन्त्यर्थे घातयन्ति च ॥४२॥
न हि कश्चित्-प्रिय: स्त्रीणाम्- not indeed, anyone, is dear to the women,
अञ्जसा स्व-आशिष-आत्मनाम् in fact, for own desires personified पतिम् पुत्रम् भ्रातरम् वा husband, son brother or घ्नन्ति-अर्थे घातयन्ति च kill for their object, and are made to be murdered Indeed, no one is dear to the women, who are personifications of their own desires and to serve their objects, they kill the husband, son or brother, or cause them to be murdered.


प्रतिश्रुतं ददामीति वचस्तन्न मृषा भवेत् ।
वधं नार्हति चेन्द्रोऽपि तत्रेदमुपकल्पते ॥४३॥
प्रतिश्रुतम् ददामि-इति promised, I will give, thus
वच:-तत्-न मृषा भवेत् word that should not false be वधम् न-अर्हति च-इन्द्र:-अपि to be killed does not deserve, and Indra also तत्र-इदम्-उपकल्पते there, this will plan 'I will give', thus promised, the words should not be false, and Indra also does not deserve to be killed. In that case, I will plan thus.


इति संचिन्त्य भगवान्मारीच: कुरुनन्दन ।
उवाच किञ्चित् कुपित आत्मानं च विगर्हयन् ॥४४॥
इति संचिन्त्य this thinking
भगवान्-मारीच: the glorious son of Mareechi, Kashyapa कुरुनन्दन O You the delight of the Kurus! उवाच किञ्चित् कुपित: said, somewhat in anger, आत्मानम् च विगर्हयन् himself and condemning O Pareekshit! The delight of the Kurus! Thinking thus, Kashyapa, the glorious son of Mareechi, condemning himself, spoke a bit angrily.


कश्यप उवाच - Kashyapa said - पुत्रस्ते भविता भद्रे इन्द्रहा देवबान्धव: ।
संवत्सरं व्रतमिदं यद्यञ्जो धारयिष्यसि ॥४५॥
पुत्रस्ते भविता भद्रे son to you will be, O blessed one!
इन्द्र-हा देव-बान्धव: Indra's killer, the gods' friend संवत्सरम् व्रतम्-इदम् year long vow this यदि-अञ्ज: धारयिष्यसि if properly you observe 'O Blessed One! A son will be born to you, who will be the killer of Indra, if you properly observe this year long vow, otherwise, he will be a friend of the gods'.


दिति: उवाच - Diti said - धारयिष्ये व्रतं ब्रह्मन्ब्रूहि कार्याणि यानि मे ।
यानि चेह निषिद्धानि न व्रतं घ्नन्ति यानि तु ॥४६॥
धारयिष्ये व्रतम् ब्रह्मन्-ब्रूहि will observe the vow, O Holy Braahmana! Do say
कार्याणि यानि मे those to be done, which by me यानि च-इह निषिद्धानि those which here are prohibited न व्रतम् घ्नन्ति यानि तु not the vow violate, those also O Holy Braahmana! I will certainly observe the vow. Do tell me, that which has to be done, that which is prohibited, and also that which may not violate the vow.


कश्यप उवाच - Kashyapa said - न हिंस्याद्भूतजातानि न शपेन्नानृतं वदेत् ।
नच्छिन्द्यान्नखरोमाणि न स्पृशेद्यदमङ्गलम् ॥४७॥
न हिंस्यात्-भूत-जातानि should not injure (or kill), living beings
न शपेत्-न-अनृतम् वदेत् should not curse, should not tell a lie न-च्छिन्द्यात्-नख-रोमाणि should not cut nails or hair न स्पृशेत्-अमङ्गलम् should not touch impure things (You) should not injure or kill any living being, or curse or tell a lie. Should not cut nails and hair, and should not touch that which is impure.


नाप्सु स्नायान्नकुप्येत न सम्भाषेत दुर्जनै: ।
न वसीताधौतवास: स्रजं च विधृतां क्वचित् ॥४८॥
न-अप्सु स्नायात्-अकुप्येत not in water,(by diving) may bathe, may not loose temper
न सम्भाषेत दुर्जनै: may not talk with wicked men न वसीत-अधौत-वास: may not wear unwashed clothes स्रजम् च विधृताम् क्वचित् garland and once worn by any one She may not bathe by immersing herself in the water, may not loose temper, may not talk to wicked people, may not wear unwashed clothes, and may not wear a garland once worn by any one.


नोच्छिष्टं चण्डिकान्नं च सामिषं वृषलाहृतम् ।
भुञ्जीतोदक्यया दृष्टं पिबेदञ्जलिना त्वप: ॥४९॥
न-उच्छिष्टम् चण्डिका-अन्नम् should not (eat) leftover (Goddess) Chandika's food
च सामिषम् वृषल-आहृतम् and with meat, by a Shudra brought भुञ्जीत-उदक्यया दृष्टम् or eat by a woman in menstruation seen पिबेत्-अञ्जलिना तु-अप: or drink by the hollow of the palms, indeed water She should not eat leftover food, or food offered to Goddess Chandika, or meat, or the food brought in by a Shudra, or food seen by a woman in menstruation. She should indeed not drink water from the hollow of the joined palms.


नोच्छिष्टास्पृष्ट सलिला सन्ध्यायां मुक्तमूर्धजा ।
अनर्चितासंयतवाङ्नासंवीता बहिश्चरेत् ॥५०॥
न-उच्छिष्ट-अस्पृष्ट सलिला should not with foul mouth, without washing hands
सन्ध्यायाम् मुक्तम्-ऊर्धजा in the evening, with ungroomed hair अनर्चिता-असंयत-वाङ् unadorned, without control of speech, न-असंवीता बहि:-चरेत् and unwrapped, outside venture In the evening, she should not venture out with a unwashed mouth and hands, with ungroomed hair, unadorned, and unwrapped with a shawl, or without having control on the speech.


नाधौतपादाप्रयता नार्द्रपान्नो उदक्शिरा: ।
शयीत नापराङ्नान्यैर्न नग्ना न च सन्ध्ययो: ॥५१॥
न-अधौत-पाद-अप्रयता with not washed feet, not pure,
न-आर्द्र-पाद्-न उदक्-शिरा: not with wet feet, not with in north, the head शयीत न-अपराङ्-न-अन्यै:- may sleep, not facing west, not with others न नग्ना न च सन्ध्ययो: not bare-bodied, not and in morning and evening She should not sleep with unwashed feet, not being impure, not with wet feet, not with the head in the North, not facing the West, not with others, not bare bodied and not in the morning and in the evening.


धौतवासा: शुचिर्नित्यं सर्वमङ्गलसंयुता ।
पूजयेत्प्रातराशात्प्राग्गोविप्रान् श्रियमच्युतम् ॥५२॥
धौतवासा: शुचि:-नित्यम् washed clothes wearing, pure, always
सर्व-मङ्गल-संयुता all auspicious (ornaments) adorning पूजयेत्-प्रात:-आशात्-प्राक्- should worship, in the morning, breakfast before गो-विप्रान्-श्रियम्-अच्युतम् cows, Braahmanas, Laxmi, and Lord Vishnu Wearing washed clothes, keeping pure always, adorning all auspicious ornaments, she should worship, before eating morning breakfast, the cows, the Braahmanas, Laxmi and the immortal Lord Vishnu.


स्त्रियो वीरवतीश्चार्चेत्स्रग्गन्धबलिमण्डनै: ।
पतिं चार्च्योपतिष्ठेत ध्यायेत्कोष्ठगतं च तम् ॥५३॥
स्त्रिय: वीरवती:-च-अर्चेत्- women with husbands and should worship
स्रग्-गन्ध-बलि-मण्डनै: with garlands, sandal paste, offerings of food and ornaments पतिम् च-अर्च्य-उपतिष्ठेत husband and should worship and wait upon ध्यायेत्-कोष्ठ-गतम् च तम् contemplating on in the womb placed and him She should worship women who have their husbands, with garlands, sandal paste, offerings of food and ornaments. She should worship her husband and wait upon him, contemplating on him as having entered the womb.


सांवत्सरं पुंसवनं व्रतमेतदविप्लुतम् ।
धारयिष्यसि चेत्तुभ्यं शक्रहा भविता सुत: ॥५४॥
सांवत्सरम् पुंसवनम् year long, Punsavana
व्रतम्-एतत्-अविप्लुतम् vow this, without violation धारयिष्यसि चेत्-तुभ्यम् observe if, to you शक्रहा भविता सुत: Indra's killer, will be born a son If this year long vow of Punsavana, is observed by you without any violation, a son will be born to you who will be the killer of Indra.


बाढमित्यभिप्रेत्याथ दिती राजन् महामना: ।
काश्यपं गर्भमाधत्त व्रतं चाञ्जो दधार सा ॥५५॥
बाढम्-इति-अभिप्रेत्य- 'Very well', thus, willingly,
अथ दिती राजन् महामना: then, Diti, O King! of firm resolve काश्यपम् गर्भम्-आधत्त Kashyapa's seed conceived व्रतम् च-अञ्ज: दधार सा vow and soon undertook she O King! 'Very well', thus saying Diti, of firm resolve, willingly conceived the seed of Kashyapa, and soon undertook the vow.


मातृष्वसुरभिप्रायमिन्द्र आज्ञाय मानद ।
शुश्रूषणेनाश्रमस्थां दितिं पर्यचरत्कवि: ॥५६॥
मातृष्वसु:-अभिप्रायम्- mother's sister's intention
इन्द्र आज्ञाय मानद Indra knowing, O respectful King! शुश्रूषणेन-आश्रमस्थाम् by service, in the hermitage living, दितिम् पर्यचरत्-कवि: Diti served the clever O respectful King! The clever Indra, knowing the intention of his mother's sister, Diti, he served her, in every way, who was living in an hermitage.


नित्यं वनात्सुमनस: फलमूलसमित्कुशान् ।
पत्राङ्कुरमृदोऽपश्च काले काल उपाहरत् ॥५७॥
नित्यम् वनात्-सुमनस: every day, from the forest, flowers,
फल-मूल-समित्-कुशान् fruits, roots, small sticks, grass, पत्र-अङ्कुर-मृद:-अप:-च leaves, sprouts, mud and water काले काले उपाहरत् time to time brought Every day, time to time, he brought from the forest, flowers, fruits, roots, small sticks, grass, leaves, sprouts, mud and water.


एवं तस्या व्रतस्थाया व्रतच्छिद्रं हरिर्नृप ।
प्रेप्सु: पर्यचरज्जिह्मो मृगहेव मृगाकृति: ॥५८॥
एवम् तस्या: व्रत-स्थाया: like this, of her, (who) was observing the vow
व्रत-छिद्रम् हरि:-नृप in the vow a slip, Indra, O King! प्रेप्सु: पर्यचरत्-जिह्म: keen to catch, the conceited, मृगहा-इव मृग-आकृति: hunter like, in the game's garb O King! Like this, the conceited Indra, keen to catch a slip in the vow, which she was observing, the hunter, took on the garb of the game, the deer.


नाध्यगच्छद् व्रतच्छिद्रं तत्परोऽथ महीपते ।
चिन्तां तीव्रां गत: शक्र: केन मे स्याच्छिवं त्विह ॥५९॥
न-अध्यगच्छद् व्रत-छिद्रम् did not find, in the vow a loop-hole
तत्पर:-अथ महीपते anxious then, O Ruler of the earth! चिन्ताम् तीव्राम् गत: शक्र: worried extremely became Indra केन मे स्यात्-शिवम् तु-इह by what, my, may be, welfare indeed, here O Ruler of the earth, Pareekshit! Indra could not find any loop-hole in the observance of the vow by Diti, and he became extremely anxious and worried as to how his welfare could be ensured, here.


एकदा सा तु सन्ध्यायामुच्छिष्टा व्रतकर्शिता ।
अस्पृष्टवार्यधौताङ्घ्रि: सुष्वाप विधिमोहिता ॥६०॥
एकदा सा तु सन्ध्यायाम्- one day, she, indeed in the evening
उच्छिष्टा व्रत-कर्शिता with foul mouth, by the vow enfeebled अस्पृष्ट-वारि-अधौत-अङ्घ्रि: not touching the water, not washing the feet सुष्वाप विधि-मोहिता slept, by providence stupoured One day, in the evening she went off to sleep, with her mouth not rinsed, and her hands and feet not washed, enfeebled by the observance of the vow and stupoured by providence.


लब्ध्वा तदन्तरं शक्रो निद्रापहृतचेतस: ।
दिते: प्रविष्ट उदरं योगेशो योगमायया ॥६१॥
लब्ध्वा तत्-अन्तरम् शक्र: getting that loop-hole, Indra
निद्रा-अपहृत-चेतस: by sleep having lost consciousness दिते: प्रविष्ट: उदरम् of Diti's entered uterus योगेश: योग-मायया The master of Yoga, by Yogic power Indra got the loop-hole, as Diti had lost consciousness due to sleep. He, The master of Yoga, then entered the uterus of Diti by his yogic power.


चकर्त सप्तधा गर्भं वज्रेण कनकप्रभम् ।
रुदन्तं सप्तधैकैकं मा रोदीरिति तान् पुन: ॥६२॥
चकर्त सप्तधा गर्भम् chopped into seven, the embryo
वज्रेण कनक-प्रभम् by the thunderbolt, brilliant as gold रुदन्तम् सप्तधा-एकैकम् crying the seven, one each मा रोदी:-इति तान् पुन: 'do not cry', this them again Indra chopped the embryo into seven pieces, with his thunderbolt brilliant as gold. Then, to each one of the crying seven he said, 'Do not cry', thus.


ते तमूचु: पाट्यमाना: सर्वे प्राञ्जलयो नृप ।
नो जिघांससि किमिन्द्र भ्रातरो मरुतस्तव ॥६३॥
ते तम्-ऊचु: पाट्यमाना: they to him said, being cut,
सर्वे प्राञ्जलय: नृप all with joined palms, O King! न: जिघांससि किम्- us are killing, why इन्द्र भ्रातर: मरुत:-तव O Indra! brothers Maruts, your O King! Even as they were being cut, they all joined their palms and said, 'O Indra! why do you kill us, we are your brothers, the Maruts.'


मा भैष्ट भ्रातरो मह्यं यूयमित्याह कौशिक: ।
अनन्यभावान् पार्षदानात्मनो मरुतां गणान् ॥६४॥
मा भैष्ट भ्रातर: मह्यम् 'Do not fret, brothers to me
यूयम्-इति-आह कौशिक: you all,' this said Indra अनन्य-भावान् पार्षदान्- very dear attendents आत्मन: मरुताम् गणान् own the Maruta's group Indra said to his very dear (future) attendents, the group of Marutas, ' Do not fret, you all are brothers to me.'


न ममार दितेर्गर्भ: श्रीनिवासानुकम्पया ।
बहुधा कुलिशक्षुण्णो द्रौण्यस्त्रेण यथा भवान् ॥६५॥
न ममार दिते:-गर्भ: was not killed Diti's embryo
श्रीनिवास-अनुकम्पया by Lord Vishnu's grace बहुधा कुलिश-क्षुण्ण: many times by the thunderbolt struck द्रौणि-अस्त्रेण यथा भवान् by Drona's weapon, like you Just like you were not killed by Drona's weapon, Diti's embryo was not killed even though struck by the thunderbolt many times.


सकृदिष्ट्वाऽऽदिपुरुषं पुरुषो याति साम्यताम् ।
संवत्सरं किञ्चिदूनं दित्या यत्-हरिरर्चित: ॥६६॥
सकृत्-इष्ट्वा-आदि-पुरुषम् once worshipped, The Lord Ancient Person
पुरुष: याति साम्यताम् a man reaches His alikeness संवत्सरम् किञ्चित्-ऊनम् one year, a little less दित्या यत् हरि:-अर्चित: by Diti in that, Shree Hari was worshipped By worshipping The Ancient Person, Vishnu, just once, a person achieves His likeness. In that, Shree Hari was worshipped by Diti for a little less than one year.


सजूरिंद्रेण पञ्चाशद्देवास्ते मरुतोऽभवन् ।
व्यपोह्य मातृदोषं ते हरिणा सोमपा: कृता: ॥६७॥
सजू:-इद्रेण पञ्चाशत्- along with Indra, fifty
देवा:-ते मरुत:-अभवन् gods they, Marutas became व्यपोह्य मातृ-दोषम् shedding the mother's stigma (of demon hood) ते हरिणा सोमपा: कृता: they by Indra, nectar drinkers were made They, along with Indra became fifty gods, called Maruts. They shed the stigma of demon hood of their mother, and were given by Indra the entitlement to drinking nectar.


दितिरुत्थाय ददृशे कुमाराननलप्रभान् ।
इन्द्रेण सहितान् देवी पर्यतुष्यदनिन्दिता ॥६८॥
दिति:-उत्थाय Diti, on waking up
ददृशे कुमारान्- saw the babes अनल-प्रभान् fire like (brilliant) इन्द्रेण सहितान् Indra accompanied by देवी the worshipful lady पर्यतुष्यत्-अनिन्दिता was very pleased, irreproachable When the worshipful Diti, woke up, she saw the babes brilliant as fire, accompanied by Indra. The irreproachable lady was very pleased to see them.


अथेन्द्रमाह ताताहमदित्यानां भयावहम् ।
अपत्यमिच्छन्त्यचरं व्रतमेतत्सुदुष्करम् ॥६९॥
अथ-इन्द्रम्-आह तात-अहम्- then to Indra said, 'Dear Son! I
अदित्यानाम् भयावहम् for Aditi's sons, a terror अपत्यम्-इच्छन्ति-अचरम् son desiring, a terror, practiced व्रतम्-एतत्-सुदुष्करम् vow this, difficult Then, she said to Indra, 'Dear Son! I observed this difficult vow desiring a son who would be a terror for Aditi's sons.'


एक: सङ्कल्पित: पुत्र: सप्त सप्ताभवन् कथम् ।
यदि ते विदितं पुत्र सत्यं कथय मा मृषा ॥७०॥
एक: सङ्कल्पित: पुत्र: one, desired son
सप्त सप्त-अभवन् कथम् seven seven became, how यदि ते विदितम् पुत्र if to you is known, O Son! सत्यम् कथय मा मृषा Truth say, not false 'O Son! I had desired for one son. How did they become seven into seven (forty nine). If you know, tell me the truth and not false.


इन्द्र उवाच - Indra said - अम्ब तेऽहं व्यवसितमुपधार्यागतोऽन्तिकम् ।
लब्धान्तरोऽच्छिदं गर्भमर्थबुद्धिर्न धर्मवित् ॥७१॥
अम्ब ते-अहम् व्यवसितम्- 'O Mother! Your, I plan
उपधार्य-आगत:-अन्तिकम् knowing, came near लब्ध-अन्तर:-अच्छिदम् गर्भम्- discovering your loop-hole, cut the embryo अर्थ-बुद्धि:-न धर्मवित् with selfish desire, not with any righteousness' 'O Mother! I came to know of your plan of undertaking the vow. I came near you and discovered your fault in the vow, and entering the womb I cut the embryo prompted by selfish desire and without any righteousness.'


कृत्तो मे सप्तधा गर्भ आसन् सप्त कुमारका: ।
तेऽपि चैकैकशो वृक्णा: सप्तधा नापि मम्रिरे ॥७२॥
कृत्त: मे सप्तधा गर्भ cut by me in seven the embryo
आसन् सप्त कुमारका: became seven children ते-अपि च-एक-एकश: they also one one each वृक्णा: सप्तधा न-अपि मम्रिरे cut in seven, not also died As I cut the embryo into seven, it became seven children. I further cut them each in seven, yet, they did not die.


ततस्तत्परमाश्चर्यं वीक्ष्याध्यवसितं मया ।
महापुरुषपूजाया: सिद्धि: काप्यनुषङ्गिणी ॥७३॥
तत:-तत्-परम-आश्चर्यम् then that, great miracle
वीक्ष्य-अध्यवसितम् मया seeing, was concluded by me महा-पुरुष-पूजाया: सिद्धि: (that) of The Supreme Person's worship's का-अपि-अनुषङ्गिणी reward some, incidental Then, seeing that great miracle, I concluded that it must be some kind of an incidental reward of the worship of The Supreme Person.


आराधनं भगवत ईहमाना निराशिष: ।
ये तु नेच्छन्त्यपि परं ते स्वार्थकुशला: स्मृता: ॥७४॥
आराधनम् भगवत: worship of The Lord
ईहमाना: निराशिष: performers, desirelessly ये तु न-इच्छन्ति-अपि परम् those who indeed do not wish for, even beatitude, ते स्वार्थ-कुशला: स्मृता: they, in self interest are clever, known to be Those people who perform the worship of The Lord desirelessly, and do not even wish for beatitude, they, are known to be clever in their self-interest.


आराध्यात्मप्रदं देवं स्वात्मानं जगदीश्वरम् ।
को वृणीते गुणस्पर्शं बुध: स्यान्नरकेऽपि यत् ॥७५॥
आराध्य-आत्म-प्रदम् देवम् having worshipped, Him-self bestowing, The Lord
स्व-आत्मानम् जगदीश्वरम् His-self, The Ruler of the Universe क: वृणीते गुण-स्पर्शम् बुध: who will choose sense pleasure, the wise, स्यात्-नरके-अपि यत् may be in hell also which Having worshipped The Him-Self bestowing Lord, Who is His own Self, present in the universe, The Ruler of the Universe, which wise person will choose sense pleasures, which are present in the hell also.


तदिदं मम दौर्जन्यं बालिशस्य महीयसि ।
क्षन्तुमर्हसि मातस्त्वं दिष्ट्या गर्भो मृतोत्थित: ॥७६॥
तत्-इदम् मम दौर्जन्यम् that this, my wickedness
बालिशस्य महीयसि the fool, O Highly noble क्षन्तुम्-अर्हसि मात:-त्वम् to excuse are capable of, Mother you, दिष्ट्या गर्भ: मृत-उत्थित: fortunately, child in womb, even dead has risen to life 'O Highly noble Mother! This wickedness of me, the fool, you are capable to excuse. It is by good fortune that the embryo in your womb has risen to life, as it were, after death.'


श्री शुक उवाच - Shree Shuka said - इन्द्रस्तयाभ्यनुज्ञात: शुद्धभावेन तुष्टया ।
मरुद्भि: सह तां नत्वा जगाम त्रिदिवं प्रभु: ॥७७॥
इन्द्र:-तया-अभ्यनुज्ञात: Indra, by her permission
शुद्ध-भावेन तुष्टया with pure mind, pleased मरुद्भि: सह ताम् नत्वा with the Marutas, her bowing जगाम त्रिदिवम् प्रभु: went to the third heaven, the powerful The powerful Indra, by her permission, who was pleased and had a pure heart, went away to the third heaven along with the Marutas.


एवं ते सर्वमाख्यातं यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ।
मङ्गलं मरुतां जन्म किं भूय: कथयामि ते ॥७८॥
एवम् ते सर्वम्-आख्यातम् in this manner to you all is told
यत्-माम् त्वम् परिपृच्छसि which to me you have asked मङ्गलम् मरुताम् जन्म the auspicious Maruta's birth किम् भूय: कथयामि ते what more do I tell to you ’In this manner, I have told to you all that you have asked, including the auspicious birth of the Marutas'. What more should I tell to you?


श्रीमद्भागवते महापुराणे पारमहंस्यां संहितायां षष्ठे स्कन्धे मरुद्-उत्पत्ति-कथनम् नाम अष्टादश: अध्याय: ॥१८॥ Thus ends the eighteenth discourse entitled 'An account of the birth of the Maruts', in Book Six of the great and glorious Bhaagavata-Puraana.